Heat Resistant Steel Plates

Heat Resistant Steel refers to the steel which is capable of resist scaling at temperature above 500°C. The heat resistant steel grades are not exposed to mechanical stress, owing to its oxidized layer which is created throughout the developing process when the steel is exposed to gentle and strong oxidizing conditions at elevated temperatures.

This steel is adherent and its intense oxide layers provides the heat resistance of the material. It is capable of upholding processes when exposed, either continuously or erratically, to operating temperatures which result in metal temperatures in excess of 650°C. The heat resistance of the steel depends on its chromium, silicon and aluminum content.

Heat resistant steels can be classified on the basis of their microstructure as follows :

Classification of heat resistant steel	The most important steel grades	Properties	Fields of application
Ferritic, ferritic-martensitic, marensitic heat-resistant steel	Wnr. 1.4724 Wnr. 1.4742 Wnr. 1.4762	•   These steel grades display relatively low toughness under impact loading •   Wnr. 1.4724 (H-12): heat resistant up to 950oC •   Wnr. 1.4762 (H-14): heat resistant up to 1200oC	•   Wnr. 1.4724 (H-12): industrial furnaces, steam boilers, boxes, tubes, hangers, recuperators, etc •   Wnr. 1.4762 (H-14): production of industrial furnaces, parts of steam boilers, pyrometer protection tubes
Austenitic heat-resistant steel	Wnr. 1.4828 Wnr. 1.4841 Wnr. 1.4845	•   Austenitic heat-resistant steels have much higher elevated temperature and creep strength than ferritic steels •   Wnr. 1.4828 (H-8): not susceptible to intergranular corrosion, offers a low resistance to corrosion to oxidising and reducing sulphur bearing gases. Heat resistant up to 1000oC •   Wnr. 1.4845 (H-9): heat resistant up to 1050oC •   Wnr. 1.4841 (H-10): heat resistant up to 1150oC •   Wnr. 1.4878: has good mechanical properties, heat resistant up to 850oC	•   Wnr. 1.4828: exhaust systems, etc •   Wnr. 1.4845: manufacture of components for chemical and petroleum industries, gas lines, fuel lines, fire boxes, heater resistors •   Wnr. 1.4841: components that are exposed to high mechanical strength, industrial furnaces, waste incineration plants, thermal treatment plants, petrochemical industry, etc •   Wnr. 1.4878: heat exchangers, boilers in chemical and petrochemical plant, etc

High Temperature Steels

Classification of stainless steel	Steel Grades	Properties	Fields of application
Ferritic stainless steel	Wnr. 1.4000 Wnr. 1.4016 Wnr. 1.4512 Wnr. 1.4113 etc.	•   Ferritic grades are plain chromium grades (chromium content: 11-17%).� •   They are ferromagnetic. •   Welding is only under certain conditions. •   They are easily forged, cold worked and hot worked. They have good machinability.� •   The ferritic stainless steels cannot be used for any reducing or organic acids such as oxalic, formic and lactic, however, it is used where conditions are less aggressive, for handling nitric acid and many organic chemicals in moderately corrosive media.� •   Good resistance to dynamic loading. •   The grades Wnr. 1.4000 and Wnr. 1.4113 are have good polishing ability and good machinability. •   Wnr. 1.4016 has good corrosion resistance in the standard environment and at low chloride concentration, e.g. households and natural water. This steel grade is not sea water resistant! It is resistant to intergranular corrosion. In general, Wnr. 1.4016 is poorly suited to welding processes. The material has a good cold formability. For temperatures over 400°C not recommended.	•   Soap industry •   Automotive application •   Cutlery •   Household utensils •   Manufacture of machines and instruments that are exposed to water and water vapor in the long term •   Food industry •   Manufacture of surgical instruments •   Agriculture� •   Construction industry
Martensitic stainless steel	Wnr. 1.4006 Wnr. 1.4021 Wnr. 1.4028 Wnr. 1.4057 Wnr. 1.4034 etc.	•   Martensitic steel contain mostly 12 to 18% chromium. •   Carbon contet: 0,10-0,44 % •   These materials are ferromagnetic. •   Martensitic steel can be tempered and hardened by heat-treating. •   Welding: not suitable or only under specific conditions. •   The welding of Wnr. 1.4057, 1.4021 and 1.4028 is only permitted if certain precautions were made. •   For welded structures they are not recommended. Wnr. 1.4034 is not suitable for welding. •   These steel grades have good ductility and good polishing ability. •   The martensitic grades are mainly used where hardness, strength and wear-resistance is required. •   Martensitic grades are not corrosion resistant. However, molybdenum can improve their corrosion resistance. •   Wnr. 1.4006 is suitable for welding. A subsequent heat treatment is generally required. If it is not performed the corrosion resistance of the steel will be reduced. •   Wnr. 1.4021 and Wnr. 1.4057 are good for bending, however, Wnr. 1.4028 and Wnr. 1.4034 are not suitable for it.	•   Manufacture of components, devices and instruments that are exposed to large mechanical stresses (e.g. knife) •   Turned parts •   Manufacture of surgical instruments and gauges •   Wear resistant tools for the chemical and food industry.
Austenitic stainless steel	Wnr. 1.4301 Wnr. 1.4305� Wnr. 1.4306 Wnr. 1.4541 Wnr. 1.4571 etc.	•   Austenitic steels are the most widely used sort of stainless steel.� •   They have excellent machinability. •   Welding ability is dependent on the chemical composition of the steel grades, e.g. Wnr. 1.4301, Wnr. 1.4541 and Wnr. 1.4571 are excellently suitable for welding. Wnr. 1.4305 is not recommended for welding, however, this steel grade provides the best machinability. •   Good ductility for cold and hot forming. •   Austenitic steel offers excellent corrosion resistance. •   Under certain conditions these steel grades are non-magnetized. •   They have a low thermal conductivity. •   Generally they are resistant to intergranular corrosion. •   Wnr. 1.4301 and Wnr. 1.4404 have good polishing ability, however, Wnr. 1.4541 and Wnr. 1.4571 are less suitable for polishing.	•   Construction industry (e.g. stainless reinforcing steel) •   Paper and cellulose industry •   Wnr. 1.4301: household equipments, tanks, piping, equipments for the dairy industry, bottles •   Wnr. 1.4571: chemical and textile industry, suitable for high corrosive media •   Wnr. 1.4541: application is identical to Wnr. 1.4301, however, it is better suited for application with mechanical stress.
Austenitic- ferritic (duplex) stainless steel	Wnr. 1.4460 Wnr. 1.4462	•   "Duplex"� has a double meaning. Duplex steels have a mixed microstructure of austenite and ferritic stainless steel. The ferrite improves the corrosion resistance. The austenite ensures the toughness, ductility and weldability.� •   In comparison to the austenitic steel duplex steels are better to stretch. •   They exhibit excellent corrosion resistance. •   As a result of the industrial development several types of duplex stainless steel have been developed: •   "normal duplex", •   "lean duplex", •   "super duplex", •   "hyperduplex".	•   Deepwater pipelines •   Constructions that are exposed to the impact of sea water e.g. bridges, offshore applications •   Pharmaceutical equipments •   Plants in the chemical industry •   Cellulose and paper industry •   Pressure vessels and tanks.

 

 

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